What is manifest in .NET Framework?

In the context of .NET Framework, the term “manifest” refers to metadata that is an integral part of every assembly (a compiled .NET code unit, typically stored in a .dll or .exe file). The manifest contains essential information about the assembly, including its version number, culture, strong name (if applicable), list of files in the assembly, referenced assemblies, and security permissions required by the assembly.

A comprehensive answer to the question “What is manifest in .NET Framework?” would cover these points:

1. Metadata: The manifest is essentially metadata that provides crucial information about the assembly.
2. Assembly Information: It contains details like the assembly’s identity (name, version, culture, public key token for signed assemblies), its dependencies on other assemblies, and information about exported types and resources.
3. Versioning: Manifest helps in versioning, as it specifies the version of the assembly, enabling side-by-side execution and ensuring that the correct version of an assembly is loaded.
4. Security: It includes security permissions required by the assembly, helping the .NET runtime enforce security policies.
5. Deployment: Manifest aids in deployment by listing all the files that constitute the assembly, making it easier to deploy and manage.
6. Type Resolution: It facilitates type resolution by providing information about the types contained within the assembly, which is crucial for .NET runtime to locate and load types during execution.

In an interview, it’s important not only to provide a definition but also to demonstrate an understanding of why the manifest is essential in the .NET Framework ecosystem and how it contributes to various aspects of assembly management, security, and deployment.